Distinguished Service Order
| Distinguished Service Order | |
|---|---|
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| Medal of the order | |
| Awarded by United Kingdom and Commonwealth | |
| Type | Order (decoration) with one degree |
| Eligibility | members of the armed forces |
| Awarded for | "for distinguished services during active operations against the enemy."[1] |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Sovereign | Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II |
| Grades (w/ post-nominals) | Companion |
| Established | 6 September 1886 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire [2] |
| Next (lower) | Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order |
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| Ribbon bar of the order | |
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The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other parts of the British Commonwealth and Empire, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat.
Instituted on 6 September 1886 by Queen Victoria in a Royal Warrant published in the London Gazette on 9 November,[4] the first DSOs awarded were dated 25 November 1886.[5] It is typically awarded to officers ranked Major (or its equivalent) or higher, but the honour has sometimes been awarded to especially valorous junior officers. 8,981 DSOs were awarded during the First World War, each award being announced in the London Gazette.
The order was established for rewarding individual instances of meritorious or distinguished service in war. It was a military order, until recently for officers only, and normally given for service under fire or under conditions equivalent to service in actual combat with the enemy, although it was awarded between 1914 and 1916 under circumstances which could not be regarded as under fire (often to staff officers, which caused resentment among front-line officers). After 1 January 1917, commanders in the field were instructed to recommend this award only for those serving under fire. Prior to 1943, the order could be given only to someone Mentioned in Despatches. The order is generally given to officers in command, above the rank of Captain. A number of more junior officers were awarded the DSO, and this was often regarded as an acknowledgement that the officer had only just missed out on the award of the Victoria Cross.[6] In 1942, the award of the DSO was extended to officers of the Merchant Navy who had performed acts of gallantry while under enemy attack.[7]
Since 1993, its award has been restricted solely for distinguished service (i.e. leadership and command by any rank), with the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross being introduced as the second highest award for gallantry. It has, however, despite some very fierce campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, remained an officers only award and it hasn't yet been awarded to a non-commissioned rank.[8]
Recipients of the order are officially known as Companions of the Distinguished Service Order. They are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "DSO". A gold bar ornamented by the Crown may be issued to DSO holders performing a further act of such leadership which would have merited award of the DSO.[8]
Contents |
Description [edit]
- The medal signifying its award is a gold (silver-gilt) cross, enamelled white and edged in gold. In the centre, within a wreath of laurel, enamelled green, is the Imperial Crown in gold upon a red enamelled background.[8]
- On the reverse is the Royal Cypher in gold upon a red enamelled ground, within a wreath of laurel, enamelled green. A ring at the top of the medal attaches to a ring at the bottom of a gold "suspension" bar, ornamented with laurel. At the top of the ribbon is a second gold bar ornamented with laurel.[6]
- The red ribbon is 1.125 in (2.86 cm) wide with narrow blue edges. The medals are issued unnamed but some recipients have had their names engraved on the reverse of the suspension bar.[6]
- The bar for a second award is plain gold with an Imperial Crown in the centre. The back of the bar is engraved with the year of the award. A rosette is worn on the ribbon in undress uniform to signify the award of a bar.[9]
Notable recipients [edit]
The following received the DSO and three bars:
- Archibald Walter Buckle, rose from being a naval rating in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve to command the Anson Battalion of the Royal Naval Division during the First World War.
- William Denman Croft,[10] First World War army officer
- William Robert Aufrere Dawson, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment during the First World War wounded nine times and mentioned in despatches four times.
- Basil Embry
- Bernard Freyberg, also awarded Victoria Cross
- Edward Albert Gibbs, Second World War destroyer captain[11]
- Arnold Jackson, 1500 metres Olympic Gold Medal winner in 1912
- Douglas Kendrew, served as a Brigade Commander in Italy, Greece and the Middle East between 1944 and 1946. Later appointed Governor of Western Australia.
- Robert Sinclair Knox
- Frederick William Lumsden, also awarded Victoria Cross
- Paddy Mayne, Special Air Service commander and Irish Rugby player.
- Sir Richard George Onslow, Second World War destroyer captain and later admiral[12]
- Alastair Pearson, a British Army officer who received his four awards within the space of two years during the Second World War.
- James Brian Tait, RAF pilot also awarded the DFC and bar, completed 101 bombing missions in the Second World War
- Frederic John Walker, Second World War British Navy Captain and U boat hunter.
- Edward Allan Wood,[13] First World War army officer
See also [edit]
- British and Commonwealth orders and decorations
- Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
References [edit]
- ^ Defence Internet | Fact Sheets | Guide to Honours
- ^ Precedence of the British orders - Website of Burke's Peerage & Gentry
- ^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 35729. p. 4328. 2 October 1942. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
- ^ The London Gazette: no. 25641. pp. 5385–5386. 9 November 1886. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
- ^ The London Gazette: no. 25650. pp. 5975–5976. 9 November 1886. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
- ^ a b c "Orders and Decorations - Distinguished Service Order". Veterans Affairs Canada. Retrieved 17-February-2010.
- ^ "British Commonwealth Gallantry, Meritorious and Distinguished Service Awards - Companion of the Distinguished Service Order". New Zealand defence force. Retrieved 17-February-2010.
- ^ a b c "Distinguished Service Order". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Retrieved 17-February-2010.
- ^ "The British (Imperial) Distinguished Service Order". Vietnam veterans association of Australia. Retrieved 17-February-2010.
- ^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 31183. p. 2363. 14 February 1919. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ^ The London Gazette: no. 36081. p. 3056. 2 July 1943. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 36771. p. 4977. 27 October 1944. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Bourne, John. "Edward Allan Wood". Centre for First World War Studies. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Distinguished Service Order |
- UK Cabinet Office, Honours System: Orders of Chivalry
- Search recommendations for the DSO on The UK National Archives' website.
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